Dual-Pathway Activation Model in Agarwood Resin Induction – How BarIno™ Orchestrates Biotic and Abiotic Defense Pathways
Agarwood resin formation is a result of the tree’s defense response, which can be activated by:
- Biotic signals – microbial elicitors like Fusarium (FusaPrime™)
- Abiotic signals – wounding, chemical elicitors (AgarStart™, ResinRush™)
The dual-pathway model explains how these signals synergize to maximize resin density, quality, and uniformity.
1. Biotic Pathway (FusaPrime™ / Harmonia™)
- Fusarium colonizes inoculation points
- Tree recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
- Triggers immune response:
- ROS burst
- Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) activation
- Secondary metabolite production (sesquiterpenes, chromones)
- Outcome: localized resin synthesis around inoculation points
2. Abiotic Pathway (AgarStart™ / ResinRush™)
- Physical or chemical stress signals activate oxidative priming
- ROS production and Ca²⁺ flux prime the cambium
- Activates same defense pathways as biotic signals but without microbial colonization
- Outcome: prepares tree to respond faster and more efficiently to biotic signals
3. Synergistic Interaction (Dual-Pathway)
FusaTrinity™ and MycoChem™ combine both pathways:
| Feature | Biotic Alone | Abiotic Alone | Dual Activation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Defense signal | PAMP recognition | ROS / stress | Both combined |
| Resin initiation | Localized | Moderate | Enhanced, uniform |
| Resin density | Moderate | Low-medium | High |
| Aroma / polymerization | Moderate | Moderate | Maximized |
| Tree stress | Moderate | Minimal | Controlled, optimized |
Key Concept:
Dual-pathway activation allows controlled colonization, oxidative polymerization, and densificationwhile maintaining tree health and survival.
4. Temporal Coordination
- AgarStart™ (abiotic priming) – prepares cambium and induces ROS
- FusaPrime™ (biotic induction) – triggers primary resin synthesis
- FusaTrinity™ / Harmonia™ (dual induction) – synergistic amplification
- FusaBlaze™ / ResinRush™ (densification) – final polymerization and aroma enhancement
Timing Note:
- Sequential activation ensures the tree’s defense system is ready before microbial load peaks
- Reduces risk of over-infection and ensures high-quality resin
5. Farmer-Friendly Summary
- Biotic = “signal from the fungus”
- Abiotic = “stress signal from the tree itself or chemicals”
- Dual-pathway activation = “tree fully alert and producing dense, aromatic resin”
Analogy:
Biotic pathway rings the alarm, abiotic pathway primes the tree’s defense troops, and dual activation launches the resin factory at full capacity.
6. BarIno™ Principle
Maximizing resin quality requires coordinated activation of both pathways.
Sequenced biotic and abiotic signals ensure controlled colonization, oxidative polymerization, and densification, all while keeping the tree healthy.